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aspĕra H

  • 1 aspera

    ,orum n
    трудности

    Latin-Russian dictionary > aspera

  • 2 Per aspera ad astra

    "Через тернии к звездам"; через трудности к высокой цели.
    ср. Сенека, "Неистовый Геркулес", 441: Non est ad astra mollis e terris via "Не гладок путь от земли к звездам".
    В лице "Kölnische Zeitung" мы доныне почитали если не "орган рейнской мыс лир, то "рейнский листок объявлений". Мы рассматривали преимущественно ее "политические передовицы" как мудрое и изысканное средство внушить читателю отвращение к политике, дабы он с тем большей страстностью устремился в полное жизненной свежести, предпринимательски-кипучее, подчас утонченно-пикантное царство объявлений; дабы он и здесь следовал правилу: per aspera ad astra, через политику к устрицам. [ Игра слов в этой фразе построена на созвучии латинского слова "astra" - звезды немецкого "auster" - устрица. - авт. ] (К. Маркс, Передовица в № 179 "Kölnische Zeitung".)
    Кто может сомневаться в том, что сейчас, при таком развитии техники, настойчивость человечества приведет его к самоуничтожению? Это неизбежный выход из всех последних событий. "Per ardua ad astra" - "под градом ударов увидим звезды". [ Ошибка в русском переводе. Надо: Через трудности- к звездам. - авт. ] (Джон Голсуорси, Белая обезьяна.)
    □ Среди других достижений доктора физико-математических наук Николая Александровича Козырева особо выделяется открытие вулканизма на Луне. До этого Луна считалась мертвым телом, но Козырев доказал, что она горячая, обосновывая сходство тектоники Земли и ее верного спутника. Подтвердившие это открытие советского астронома американские ученые вручили Николаю Александровичу золотую медаль Астронавтической академии США с замечательным девизом "Через тернии - к звездам!". Кроме Козырева, у нас этой награды был удостоен только Гагарин... (Лев Сидоровский. Звезды и тернии.)

    Латинско-русский словарь крылатых слов и выражений > Per aspera ad astra

  • 3 Candoia aspera

    3. ENG dwarf boa
    4. DEU —
    5. FRA —
    Ареал обитания: Новая Гвинея, Океания

    VOCABULARIUM NOMINUM ANIMALIUM QUINQUELINGUE > Candoia aspera

  • 4 Ceratophora aspera

    2. RUS —
    3. ENG —
    4. DEU —
    5. FRA —
    Ареал обитания: Шри-Ланка

    VOCABULARIUM NOMINUM ANIMALIUM QUINQUELINGUE > Ceratophora aspera

  • 5 Phyllomedusa aspera

    1. LAT Phyllomedusa aspera (W. Peters)
    3. ENG —
    4. DEU —
    5. FRA —
    Ареал обитания: Южная Америка

    VOCABULARIUM NOMINUM ANIMALIUM QUINQUELINGUE > Phyllomedusa aspera

  • 6 Pipa aspera

    1. LAT Pipa aspera L. Müller
    3. ENG —
    4. DEU —
    5. FRA —
    Ареал обитания: Южная Америка

    VOCABULARIUM NOMINUM ANIMALIUM QUINQUELINGUE > Pipa aspera

  • 7 Uperoleia aspera

    1. LAT Uperoleia aspera Tyler, Davies et Martin
    3. ENG —
    4. DEU —
    5. FRA —
    Ареал обитания: АВ

    VOCABULARIUM NOMINUM ANIMALIUM QUINQUELINGUE > Uperoleia aspera

  • 8 Acanthemblemaria aspera

    —
    3. ENG —
    4. DEU —
    5. FRA —

    VOCABULARIUM NOMINUM ANIMALIUM QUINQUELINGUE > Acanthemblemaria aspera

  • 9 Aploactis aspera

    —
    2. RUS чёрный аплоактис m, чёрная вельветовая рыба f
    4. DEU —
    5. FRA —

    VOCABULARIUM NOMINUM ANIMALIUM QUINQUELINGUE > Aploactis aspera

  • 10 Limanda aspera

    —
    2. RUS желтопёрая камбала f камбала-червонец f желтопёрая [колючая] лиманда f
    3. ENG yellow-finned sole, Alaska dab
    4. DEU Dukatenfisch m
    5. FRA limande f à queue jaune, limande f à nageoires jaunes, plie f grise

    VOCABULARIUM NOMINUM ANIMALIUM QUINQUELINGUE > Limanda aspera

  • 11 Per aspera ad astra

    через тернии к звездам!

    Латинско-русский словарь крылатых слов и выражений > Per aspera ad astra

  • 12 Ad astra per aspera

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Ad astra per aspera

  • 13 Per aspera ad astra

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Per aspera ad astra

  • 14 Saepe creat molles aspera spina rosas

    • Often the prickly thorn produces tender roses. (Ovid)

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Saepe creat molles aspera spina rosas

  • 15 per áspera ad astra

       [= ad augusta per angosta]
       a resultados grandes por vías difíciles: valorar un triunfo obtenido a costa de grandes deficultades

    Locuciones latinas > per áspera ad astra

  • 16 asper

    aspera, asperum
    1) шероховатый, шершавый ( fingua Lcr)
    2) неровный, бугристый, кочковатый ( saxa Enn), тж. пересечённый, труднопроходимый ( loca Cs)
    3) трудный, малодоступный ( aditus Cato)
    4) колючий ( barba Tib); покрытый шипами ( sentis V)
    6) покрытый резьбой, чеканными изображениями ( pocula aspera signis V); недавно отчеканенный, т. е. нестёртый ( nummus Su)
    7) острый на вкус, едкий, жгучий или пряный (piper, sapor, acetum PM); терпкий ( vinum Ter); сильный, крепкий ( odor PM)
    8) сухой, удушливый ( tussis M)
    9) бурный, взволнованный ( mare L)
    a. caelo T — суровый по климату;
    11) неприступный (virgo, sc. Diana SenT)
    12) грам. придыхательный
    littera aspera O — r ( в отличие от littera lenis = l)
    spiritus a. — сильное придыхание (= h)
    13) нестройный, негладкий, запинающийся ( oratio C)
    14) хриплый, грубый ( vox Q — ср. 15.)
    15) строгий, жёсткий (lex Q; voces QC — ср. 14.)
    16) неприветливый, угрюмый (homo C; verba O)
    17) необузданный, неотёсанный ( animus L)
    18) дикий, хищный ( lupus O)
    19) жестокий, трудный, тягостный (tempora C; bellum Sl)
    21) мрачный, зловещий ( fata V); злобный ( odia aspera movēre V)
    22) плохой, слабый ( spes Sl)
    23) несговорчивый, непреклонный ( ad condiciones pacis L); строптивый, непокорный (frena pati, sc. equus St)
    24) заносчивый, высокомерный (humilis, quum surgit in altum Cld)
    25) неукротимый, упорный ( gens laboribus et bellis asperrima Just). — см. тж. asperum

    Латинско-русский словарь > asper

  • 17 asper

    , aspera, asperum (m,f,n)
      1) шероховатый, грубый;
      2) трудный, суровый, тяжкий

    Dictionary Latin-Russian new > asper

  • 18 asper

    [st1]1 [-] aspĕr, ĕra, ĕrum:    - formes syncopées: aspro Scribon. 180; aspros Stat. Theb. 1, 622; aspris Virg. En. 2, 379. a - âpre (au toucher), rude, rugueux; qui a du relief, piquant.    - nisi quod aut leve aut asperum in corpore sentiatur, Cic. Tusc. 36: sauf ce qui peut laisser sur notre corps une impression douce ou rude.    - Cic. Fin. 2, 36; Div. 1, 75; Cic. Agr. 2, 67 ; Caes. BC. 3, 43, 1; Cic. Planc. 22, etc.    - cymbia aspera signis, Virg. En. 5, 267: coupes que les ciselures couvrent de rugosités (chargées de reliefs).    - nummus asper, Suet. Ner. 44: pièce neuve (qui a encore son relief).    - in aspero accipere, Sen. Ep. 19, 10: recevoir (être payé) en monnaie neuve.    - maria aspera, Virg. En. 6, 351: mer âpre, hérissée, orageuse.    - hieme aspera, Sall. J. 37, 3: pendant les rigueurs de l'hiver.    - asperrimo hiemis, Tac. An. 3, 5: au plus âpre (au plus fort) de l'hiver.    - Germania aspera caelo, Tac. G. 2, la Germanie dure de climat.    - vinum asperum, Cato, Agr. 109: vin âpre. --- cf. Sen. Ep. 36, 3 ; Plin. 17, 250.    - au plur. horum (collium) asperrima pascunt, Virg. En. 11, 319: ils font paître sur les parties les plus âpres de ces collines.    - in inviis et asperis saxorum, Curt. 7, 11, 18: sur un sol que les rochers rendaient impraticable et raboteux.    - per aspera, Curt. 7, 11, 16: à travers (sur) un terrain raboteux.    - asperis maris obviam ire, Tac. An. 4, 6: remédier aux difficultés de la navigation. b - rude à l'oreille, rauque, âpre.    - [en parl. de la voix] rauque. --- Cic. de Or. 3, 216, etc.    - [du style] âpre, rude [où l'arrangement des mots présente des sons heurtés, des hiatus]. --- Cic. Or. 20 ; 150 ; de Or. 3, 171 ; Att. 2, 6, 2. c - fig. âpre, dur, pénible.    - res asperae, Sall. J. 7, 6: les choses (les entreprises) difficiles.    - periculosis atque asperis temporibus, Cic. Balb. 22: dans des circonstances dangereuses et difficiles.    - doctrina asperior, Cic. Mur. 60: doctrine philosophique un peu trop sévère.    - sententia asperior, Liv. 3, 40, 7: avis plus rigoureux.    - bellum asperrumum, Sall. J. 48, 1: guerre menée avec acharnement.    - aspera mea natura, Cic. Vat. 8: mon caractère est dur.    - nihil esse asperum nisi dolorem, Cic. Fin. 1, 71: [ils disent] qu'il n'y a de pénible que la douleur.    - multo asperioribus verbis quam cum gravissime accusabat, Cic. Att. 11, 13, 2: [il se justifie] en employant des termes beaucoup plus durs (amers) que quand il faisait les plus graves accusations.    - verbum asperius, Cic. Q. 1, 2, 7: parole un peu blessante.    - in rebus asperis, Cic. Off. 1, 80, dans le malheur, dans l'épreuve. --- cf. de Or. 2, 34, 6 ; Fin. 5, 78 ; Liv. 22, 27, 3, etc. d - [en parl. des pers.] âpre, dur, sévère, farouche.    - Panaeti praeceptis asperior non est factus, Cic. Mur. 66: les leçons de Panétius ne l'ont pas rendu plus dur [moins indulgent, moins humain].    - in patrem ejus fuisti asperior, Cic. Q. 1, 2, 6: tu t'es montré un peu dur envers son père.    - asperrimi ad conditiones pacis, Liv. 22, 59, 7: [nos pères] si intraitables sur les conditions de la paix.    - aspera Pholoe, Hor. O. 1, 33, 5: l'intraitable (insensible) Pholoé. e - [en parl. des animaux] farouche, violent.    - (bos) interdum aspera cornu, Virg. G. 3, 57: (la génisse) qui menace parfois de la corne.    - (anguis) asper siti, Virg. G. 3, 434: (serpent) que la soif rend farouche (redoutable). [st1]2 [-] Asper, Asperi (Aspri), m.: Asper (surnom).    - surnom de Trébonius. --- Liv. 3, 65, 4.    - surnom de Sulpicius. --- Tac. An. 15, 49.
    * * *
    [st1]1 [-] aspĕr, ĕra, ĕrum:    - formes syncopées: aspro Scribon. 180; aspros Stat. Theb. 1, 622; aspris Virg. En. 2, 379. a - âpre (au toucher), rude, rugueux; qui a du relief, piquant.    - nisi quod aut leve aut asperum in corpore sentiatur, Cic. Tusc. 36: sauf ce qui peut laisser sur notre corps une impression douce ou rude.    - Cic. Fin. 2, 36; Div. 1, 75; Cic. Agr. 2, 67 ; Caes. BC. 3, 43, 1; Cic. Planc. 22, etc.    - cymbia aspera signis, Virg. En. 5, 267: coupes que les ciselures couvrent de rugosités (chargées de reliefs).    - nummus asper, Suet. Ner. 44: pièce neuve (qui a encore son relief).    - in aspero accipere, Sen. Ep. 19, 10: recevoir (être payé) en monnaie neuve.    - maria aspera, Virg. En. 6, 351: mer âpre, hérissée, orageuse.    - hieme aspera, Sall. J. 37, 3: pendant les rigueurs de l'hiver.    - asperrimo hiemis, Tac. An. 3, 5: au plus âpre (au plus fort) de l'hiver.    - Germania aspera caelo, Tac. G. 2, la Germanie dure de climat.    - vinum asperum, Cato, Agr. 109: vin âpre. --- cf. Sen. Ep. 36, 3 ; Plin. 17, 250.    - au plur. horum (collium) asperrima pascunt, Virg. En. 11, 319: ils font paître sur les parties les plus âpres de ces collines.    - in inviis et asperis saxorum, Curt. 7, 11, 18: sur un sol que les rochers rendaient impraticable et raboteux.    - per aspera, Curt. 7, 11, 16: à travers (sur) un terrain raboteux.    - asperis maris obviam ire, Tac. An. 4, 6: remédier aux difficultés de la navigation. b - rude à l'oreille, rauque, âpre.    - [en parl. de la voix] rauque. --- Cic. de Or. 3, 216, etc.    - [du style] âpre, rude [où l'arrangement des mots présente des sons heurtés, des hiatus]. --- Cic. Or. 20 ; 150 ; de Or. 3, 171 ; Att. 2, 6, 2. c - fig. âpre, dur, pénible.    - res asperae, Sall. J. 7, 6: les choses (les entreprises) difficiles.    - periculosis atque asperis temporibus, Cic. Balb. 22: dans des circonstances dangereuses et difficiles.    - doctrina asperior, Cic. Mur. 60: doctrine philosophique un peu trop sévère.    - sententia asperior, Liv. 3, 40, 7: avis plus rigoureux.    - bellum asperrumum, Sall. J. 48, 1: guerre menée avec acharnement.    - aspera mea natura, Cic. Vat. 8: mon caractère est dur.    - nihil esse asperum nisi dolorem, Cic. Fin. 1, 71: [ils disent] qu'il n'y a de pénible que la douleur.    - multo asperioribus verbis quam cum gravissime accusabat, Cic. Att. 11, 13, 2: [il se justifie] en employant des termes beaucoup plus durs (amers) que quand il faisait les plus graves accusations.    - verbum asperius, Cic. Q. 1, 2, 7: parole un peu blessante.    - in rebus asperis, Cic. Off. 1, 80, dans le malheur, dans l'épreuve. --- cf. de Or. 2, 34, 6 ; Fin. 5, 78 ; Liv. 22, 27, 3, etc. d - [en parl. des pers.] âpre, dur, sévère, farouche.    - Panaeti praeceptis asperior non est factus, Cic. Mur. 66: les leçons de Panétius ne l'ont pas rendu plus dur [moins indulgent, moins humain].    - in patrem ejus fuisti asperior, Cic. Q. 1, 2, 6: tu t'es montré un peu dur envers son père.    - asperrimi ad conditiones pacis, Liv. 22, 59, 7: [nos pères] si intraitables sur les conditions de la paix.    - aspera Pholoe, Hor. O. 1, 33, 5: l'intraitable (insensible) Pholoé. e - [en parl. des animaux] farouche, violent.    - (bos) interdum aspera cornu, Virg. G. 3, 57: (la génisse) qui menace parfois de la corne.    - (anguis) asper siti, Virg. G. 3, 434: (serpent) que la soif rend farouche (redoutable). [st1]2 [-] Asper, Asperi (Aspri), m.: Asper (surnom).    - surnom de Trébonius. --- Liv. 3, 65, 4.    - surnom de Sulpicius. --- Tac. An. 15, 49.
    * * *
        Asper, aspera, asperum, pen. corr. Aspre et rude, soit à veoir, à ouir, à gouster, ou à toucher.
    \
        Asper siti. Virg. Aspre et rude de soif qu'il souffre.
    \
        Asper animus. Liu. Un fier courage, et intractable.
    \
        Cornu aspera bos. Virg. Vache qui heurte.
    \
        Coena aspera. Plaut. Comme quand il n'y a que du pain et de l'eaue.
    \
        Facetiae asperae. Tacit. Sornettes aspres et picquantes.
    \
        Iugum asperum. Caesar. Montaigne rude et aspre.
    \
        Lingua aspera. Virg. Aspre de trop grande seicheresse et alteration.
    \
        Nummus asper. Sueton. Nouvellement frappé et monnoyé.
    \
        Patronus asper et maledicus. Cic. Advocat aspre et injurieux.
    \
        Pocula aspera signis. Virg. Engraver.
    \
        Saxa aspera. Cic. Rochers aspres et desrompus.
    \
        Sylua aspera et densa. Cic. Espesse et forte.
    \
        Victus asper. Plaut. Vie austere, comme des armites.
    \
        Vinum asperum. Terent. Vin dur et aspre.
    \
        Studiis belli asperrima vrbs. Virgil. Fort belliqueuse, et aspre à la guerre.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > asper

  • 19 Asper

    1.
    asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

    aspris = asperis,

    Verg. A. 2, 379;

    aspro = aspero,

    Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
    I.
    1.. Lit.:

    lingua aspera tactu,

    Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

    mixta aspera levibus,

    Lucr. 2, 471:

    in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

    Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

    lene, asperum,

    id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

    tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

    Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

    Leucas,

    Luc. 1, 42:

    loca,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

    viae asperae,

    ib. Bar. 4, 26:

    vallis aspera,

    ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    glacies,

    Verg. E. 10, 49:

    hiems,

    Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

    and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

    harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

    aspera signis Pocula,

    Verg. A. 9, 263:

    Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

    id. ib. 5, 267:

    signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

    Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

    stantem extra pocula caprum,

    Juv. 1, 76):

    Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 701:

    aspera pocula,

    Prop. 2, 6, 17:

    ebur,

    Sen. Hippol. 899:

    balteus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 578:

    cingula bacis,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

    nummus,

    not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

    mare,

    agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

    barba,

    Tib. 1, 8, 32:

    sentes,

    Verg. A. 2, 379:

    rubus,

    id. E. 3, 89:

    mucro,

    Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
    2.
    Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

    quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

    Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
    3.
    Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

    latens in asperis radix,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

    aspera maris,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    propter aspera et confragosa,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

    per aspera et devia,

    Suet. Tib. 60:

    erunt aspera in vias planas,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

    asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

    Tac. A. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

    asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

    asper sapor maris,

    Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

    quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    asperrimum piper,

    id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

    acetum quam asperrimum,

    id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
    2.
    Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

    (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

    virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

    Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

    duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
    3.
    Of smell, sharp, pungent:

    herba odoris asperi,

    Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

    quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

    Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

    orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    aspera Juno,

    Verg. A. 1, 279:

    juvenis monitoribus asper,

    Hor. A. P. 163:

    patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

    Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

    rebus non asper egenis,

    Verg. A. 8, 365:

    cladibus asper,

    exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

    asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

    unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

    (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

    Ov. M. 13, 803:

    Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

    asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

    Verg. A. 7, 647:

    aspera Pholoe,

    coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

    accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

    Cic. Mur. 29:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

    (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40:

    (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

    Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

    Camilla aspera,

    id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

    gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

    Just. 2, 3:

    virgo aspera,

    i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
    b.
    Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

    (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

    Verg. G. 3, 434:

    bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

    id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

    ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

    Verg. A. 9, 62:

    lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

    Ov. M. 11, 402:

    ille (leo) asper retro redit,

    Verg. A. 9, 794:

    tigris aspera,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

    (equus) asper frena pati,

    Sil. 3, 387.—
    B.
    Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

    in periculis et asperis temporibus,

    Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

    venatus,

    Verg. A. 8, 318:

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

    pugna,

    Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

    fata,

    id. ib. 6, 882:

    odia,

    id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

    multa aspera,

    Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

    asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

    Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    verba,

    Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

    vox,

    Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
    a.
    Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
    b.
    Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
    1.
    Transf.:

    loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

    dicere,

    id. 2, 8, 15:

    syllabae aspere coëuntes,

    id. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    aspere accipere aliquid,

    Tac. A. 4, 31:

    aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

    aspere agere aliquid,

    Liv. 3, 50:

    aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

    aspere et vehementer loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

    asperius loqui aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

    asperius scribere de aliquo,

    id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

    asperrime loqui in aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    asperrime pati aliquid,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

    asperrime saevire in aliquem,

    Vell. 2, 7.
    2.
    Asper, eri, m.
    I.
    A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

    L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

    Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
    II.
    Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Asper

  • 20 asper

    1.
    asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

    aspris = asperis,

    Verg. A. 2, 379;

    aspro = aspero,

    Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
    I.
    1.. Lit.:

    lingua aspera tactu,

    Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

    mixta aspera levibus,

    Lucr. 2, 471:

    in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

    Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

    lene, asperum,

    id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

    tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

    Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

    Leucas,

    Luc. 1, 42:

    loca,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

    viae asperae,

    ib. Bar. 4, 26:

    vallis aspera,

    ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    glacies,

    Verg. E. 10, 49:

    hiems,

    Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

    and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

    harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

    aspera signis Pocula,

    Verg. A. 9, 263:

    Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

    id. ib. 5, 267:

    signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

    Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

    stantem extra pocula caprum,

    Juv. 1, 76):

    Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 701:

    aspera pocula,

    Prop. 2, 6, 17:

    ebur,

    Sen. Hippol. 899:

    balteus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 578:

    cingula bacis,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

    nummus,

    not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

    mare,

    agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

    barba,

    Tib. 1, 8, 32:

    sentes,

    Verg. A. 2, 379:

    rubus,

    id. E. 3, 89:

    mucro,

    Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
    2.
    Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

    quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

    Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
    3.
    Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

    latens in asperis radix,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

    aspera maris,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    propter aspera et confragosa,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

    per aspera et devia,

    Suet. Tib. 60:

    erunt aspera in vias planas,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

    asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

    Tac. A. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

    asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

    asper sapor maris,

    Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

    quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    asperrimum piper,

    id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

    acetum quam asperrimum,

    id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
    2.
    Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

    (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

    virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

    Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

    duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
    3.
    Of smell, sharp, pungent:

    herba odoris asperi,

    Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

    quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

    Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

    orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    aspera Juno,

    Verg. A. 1, 279:

    juvenis monitoribus asper,

    Hor. A. P. 163:

    patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

    Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

    rebus non asper egenis,

    Verg. A. 8, 365:

    cladibus asper,

    exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

    asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

    unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

    (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

    Ov. M. 13, 803:

    Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

    asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

    Verg. A. 7, 647:

    aspera Pholoe,

    coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

    accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

    Cic. Mur. 29:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

    (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40:

    (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

    Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

    Camilla aspera,

    id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

    gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

    Just. 2, 3:

    virgo aspera,

    i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
    b.
    Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

    (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

    Verg. G. 3, 434:

    bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

    id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

    ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

    Verg. A. 9, 62:

    lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

    Ov. M. 11, 402:

    ille (leo) asper retro redit,

    Verg. A. 9, 794:

    tigris aspera,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

    (equus) asper frena pati,

    Sil. 3, 387.—
    B.
    Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

    in periculis et asperis temporibus,

    Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

    venatus,

    Verg. A. 8, 318:

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

    pugna,

    Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

    fata,

    id. ib. 6, 882:

    odia,

    id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

    multa aspera,

    Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

    asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

    Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    verba,

    Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

    vox,

    Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
    a.
    Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
    b.
    Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
    1.
    Transf.:

    loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

    dicere,

    id. 2, 8, 15:

    syllabae aspere coëuntes,

    id. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    aspere accipere aliquid,

    Tac. A. 4, 31:

    aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

    aspere agere aliquid,

    Liv. 3, 50:

    aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

    aspere et vehementer loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

    asperius loqui aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

    asperius scribere de aliquo,

    id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

    asperrime loqui in aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    asperrime pati aliquid,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

    asperrime saevire in aliquem,

    Vell. 2, 7.
    2.
    Asper, eri, m.
    I.
    A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

    L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

    Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
    II.
    Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > asper

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